What is character displacement?

Character displacement is a phenomenon in evolutionary biology in which species change their characteristics in response to competition with other species in order to reduce overlapping and enhance coexistence. This can result in the divergence of traits within a population, leading to greater niche differentiation and reduced competition.

Character displacement is often observed in closely related species that occupy the same ecological niche and compete for resources. As a result of competition, these species may evolve different traits or behaviors that allow them to exploit different resources or habitats.

One classic example of character displacement is the case of the finches in the Galápagos Islands studied by Charles Darwin. The different species of finches on the islands evolved different beak sizes and shapes in response to competition for food, allowing them to exploit different types of seeds and nuts.

Overall, character displacement can lead to increased biodiversity and ecological stability by reducing competition among closely related species. It is an important mechanism driving evolutionary change and adaptation in natural populations.